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ConLID: Supervised Contrastive Learning for Low-Resource Language Identification

arXiv cs.CL / 3/11/2026

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Key Points

  • Language identification (LID) is essential for assembling multilingual LLM pretraining datasets from web crawls, but low-resource languages typically have poor LID performance due to limited and domain-specific data.
  • The paper introduces a novel supervised contrastive learning (SCL) method designed to learn domain-invariant representations, addressing imbalance and bias problems in low-resource language data.
  • This approach significantly improves LID accuracy on out-of-domain data for low-resource languages by 3.2 percentage points without sacrificing the performance of LID models on high-resource languages.
  • The proposed method helps enhance the robustness and generalization of language identification models, enabling better inclusion of underrepresented languages in LLM training.
  • The research contributes to more equitable and effective multilingual language technology development by tackling challenges specific to low-resource languages.

Computer Science > Computation and Language

arXiv:2506.15304 (cs)
[Submitted on 18 Jun 2025 (v1), last revised 9 Mar 2026 (this version, v2)]

Title:ConLID: Supervised Contrastive Learning for Low-Resource Language Identification

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Abstract:Language identification (LID) is a critical step in curating multilingual LLM pretraining corpora from web crawls. While many studies on LID model training focus on collecting diverse training data to improve performance, low-resource languages -- often limited to single-domain data, such as the Bible -- continue to perform poorly. To resolve these imbalance and bias issues, we propose a novel supervised contrastive learning (SCL) approach to learn domain-invariant representations for low-resource languages. We show that our approach improves LID performance on out-of-domain data for low-resource languages by 3.2 percentage points, while maintaining its performance for the high-resource languages.
Comments:
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2506.15304 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2506.15304v2 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.15304
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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Negar Foroutan [view email]
[v1] Wed, 18 Jun 2025 09:35:33 UTC (9,317 KB)
[v2] Mon, 9 Mar 2026 20:16:21 UTC (9,311 KB)
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