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When to Retrain after Drift: A Data-Only Test of Post-Drift Data Size Sufficiency

arXiv cs.LG / 3/11/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper addresses the challenge of deciding when to retrain models after sudden concept drift and how much post-drift data is sufficient for stable retraining.
  • CALIPER, a novel detector- and model-agnostic method, uses a data-only test based on weighted local regression and a proxy error metric to estimate the required post-drift data size.
  • The method relies on identifying state dependence in dynamical system-generated streams and uses an effective sample size criterion with a locality parameter to determine sufficiency.
  • CALIPER is computationally efficient with low per-update time and memory usage, and it outperforms or matches best fixed retraining data sizes and incremental updates across multiple datasets, learners, and detectors.
  • The method closes the gap between drift detection and adaptation by providing a principled approach to data sufficiency for retraining in streaming learning contexts.

Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2603.09024 (cs)
[Submitted on 9 Mar 2026]

Title:When to Retrain after Drift: A Data-Only Test of Post-Drift Data Size Sufficiency

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Abstract:Sudden concept drift makes previously trained predictors unreliable, yet deciding when to retrain and what post-drift data size is sufficient is rarely addressed. We propose CALIPER - a detector- and model-agnostic, data-only test that estimates the post-drift data size required for stable retraining. CALIPER exploits state dependence in streams generated by dynamical systems: we run a single-pass weighted local regression over the post-drift window and track a one-step proxy error as a function of a locality parameter $\theta$. When an effective sample size gate is satisfied, a monotonically non-increasing trend in this error with increasing a locality parameter indicates that the data size is sufficiently informative for retraining. We also provide a theoretical analysis of our method, and we show that the algorithm has a low per-update time and memory. Across datasets from four heterogeneous domains, three learner families, and two detectors, CALIPER consistently matches or exceeds the best fixed data size for retraining while incurring negligible overhead and often outperforming incremental updates. CALIPER closes the gap between drift detection and data-sufficient adaptation in streaming learning.
Comments:
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Cite as: arXiv:2603.09024 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2603.09024v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.09024
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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Ren Fujiwara [view email]
[v1] Mon, 9 Mar 2026 23:43:56 UTC (1,824 KB)
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