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Context Engineering: From Prompts to Corporate Multi-Agent Architecture

arXiv cs.AI / 3/11/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper introduces context engineering as a new discipline focused on designing and managing the informational environment in which AI agents operate, moving beyond traditional prompt engineering.
  • It defines five key criteria for context quality—relevance, sufficiency, isolation, economy, and provenance—conceptualizing context as the AI agent's operating system.
  • Three interconnected engineering disciplines form a maturity pyramid: prompt engineering, context engineering, intent engineering (encoding organizational goals), and specification engineering (defining corporate policies for scalable agent operation).
  • Enterprise research highlights challenges in scaling agentic AI deployments, with a gap between widespread planning and real-world implementation due to complexity in managing context, intent, and specifications.
  • The Klarna case exemplifies how controlling context, intent, and specifications determines AI agent behavior, strategy, and scalability within corporate environments.

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence

arXiv:2603.09619 (cs)
[Submitted on 10 Mar 2026]

Title:Context Engineering: From Prompts to Corporate Multi-Agent Architecture

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Abstract:As artificial intelligence (AI) systems evolve from stateless chatbots to autonomous multi-step agents, prompt engineering (PE), the discipline of crafting individual queries, proves necessary but insufficient. This paper introduces context engineering (CE) as a standalone discipline concerned with designing, structuring, and managing the entire informational environment in which an AI agent makes decisions. Drawing on vendor architectures (Google ADK, Anthropic, LangChain), current academic work (ACE framework, Google DeepMind's intelligent delegation), enterprise research (Deloitte, 2026; KPMG, 2026), and the author's experience building a multi-agent system, the paper proposes five context quality criteria: relevance, sufficiency, isolation, economy, and provenance, and frames context as the agent's operating system. Two higher-order disciplines follow. Intent engineering (IE) encodes organizational goals, values, and trade-off hierarchies into agent infrastructure. Specification engineering (SE) creates a machine-readable corpus of corporate policies and standards enabling autonomous operation of multi-agent systems at scale. Together these four disciplines form a cumulative pyramid maturity model of agent engineering, in which each level subsumes the previous one as a necessary foundation. Enterprise data reveals a gap: while 75% of enterprises plan agentic AI deployment within two years (Deloitte, 2026), deployment has surged and retreated as organizations confront scaling complexity (KPMG, 2026). The Klarna case illustrates a dual deficit, contextual and intentional. Whoever controls the agent's context controls its behavior; whoever controls its intent controls its strategy; whoever controls its specifications controls its scale.
Comments:
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
ACM classes: I.2.11; I.2.4
Cite as: arXiv:2603.09619 [cs.AI]
  (or arXiv:2603.09619v1 [cs.AI] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.09619
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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Vera Vishnyakova Ms [view email]
[v1] Tue, 10 Mar 2026 12:58:31 UTC (557 KB)
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