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Improving through Interaction: Searching Behavioral Representation Spaces with CMA-ES-IG

arXiv cs.AI / 3/11/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper introduces CMA-ES-IG, an algorithm designed to improve robot behavior preference learning by incorporating user experience into the learning process.
  • CMA-ES-IG suggests perceptually distinct and informative trajectories for users to rank, enhancing user interaction and satisfaction compared to traditional methods.
  • It significantly scales to higher-dimensional preference spaces while maintaining computational tractability and robustness against noisy or inconsistent user feedback.
  • Both simulated studies and real-robot experiments validate CMA-ES-IG's advantages, including user preference for its generated robot behaviors.
  • The algorithm addresses key drawbacks in current preference learning techniques by balancing outcome optimization with positive user engagement during the ranking process.

Computer Science > Robotics

arXiv:2603.09011 (cs)
[Submitted on 9 Mar 2026]

Title:Improving through Interaction: Searching Behavioral Representation Spaces with CMA-ES-IG

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Abstract:Robots that interact with humans must adapt to individual users' preferences to operate effectively in human-centered environments. An intuitive and effective technique to learn non-expert users' preferences is through rankings of robot behaviors, e.g., trajectories, gestures, or voices. Existing techniques primarily focus on generating queries that optimize preference learning outcomes, such as sample efficiency or final preference estimation accuracy. However, the focus on outcome overlooks key user expectations in the process of providing these rankings, which can negatively impact users' adoption of robotic systems. This work proposes the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategies with Information Gain (CMA-ES-IG) algorithm. CMA-ES-IG explicitly incorporates user experience considerations into the preference learning process by suggesting perceptually distinct and informative trajectories for users to rank. We demonstrate these benefits through both simulated studies and real-robot experiments. CMA-ES-IG, compared to state-of-the-art alternatives, (1) scales more effectively to higher-dimensional preference spaces, (2) maintains computational tractability for high-dimensional problems, (3) is robust to noisy or inconsistent user feedback, and (4) is preferred by non-expert users in identifying their preferred robot behaviors. This project's code is available at this http URL
Comments:
Subjects: Robotics (cs.RO); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Cite as: arXiv:2603.09011 [cs.RO]
  (or arXiv:2603.09011v1 [cs.RO] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.09011
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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Nathaniel Dennler [view email]
[v1] Mon, 9 Mar 2026 23:00:42 UTC (7,021 KB)
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