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SPREAD: Subspace Representation Distillation for Lifelong Imitation Learning

arXiv cs.LG / 3/11/2026

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Key Points

  • Lifelong imitation learning (LIL) aims to enable agents to continuously learn new skills from expert demonstrations without forgetting previous knowledge, which involves preserving low-dimensional manifolds and geometric structures of task representations.
  • Traditional distillation approaches using L2-norm feature matching in raw feature space are insufficient as they are vulnerable to noise and high-dimensional variability, resulting in poor preservation of intrinsic task structures.
  • SPREAD is a novel framework that utilizes singular value decomposition (SVD) to align policy representations within low-rank subspaces, maintaining geometric consistency across tasks and thus enhancing transfer, robustness, and generalization.
  • The approach also incorporates a confidence-guided distillation method that focuses on the most confident action samples by applying a Kullback-Leibler divergence loss selectively, which stabilizes optimization.
  • Experiments on the LIBERO lifelong imitation learning benchmark demonstrate that SPREAD significantly improves knowledge transfer, reduces catastrophic forgetting, and achieves state-of-the-art performance in lifelong imitation learning tasks.

Computer Science > Machine Learning

arXiv:2603.08763 (cs)
[Submitted on 9 Mar 2026]

Title:SPREAD: Subspace Representation Distillation for Lifelong Imitation Learning

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Abstract:A key challenge in lifelong imitation learning (LIL) is enabling agents to acquire new skills from expert demonstrations while retaining prior knowledge. This requires preserving the low-dimensional manifolds and geometric structures that underlie task representations across sequential learning. Existing distillation methods, which rely on L2-norm feature matching in raw feature space, are sensitive to noise and high-dimensional variability, often failing to preserve intrinsic task manifolds. To address this, we introduce SPREAD, a geometry-preserving framework that employs singular value decomposition (SVD) to align policy representations across tasks within low-rank subspaces. This alignment maintains the underlying geometry of multimodal features, facilitating stable transfer, robustness, and generalization. Additionally, we propose a confidence-guided distillation strategy that applies a Kullback-Leibler divergence loss restricted to the top-M most confident action samples, emphasizing reliable modes and improving optimization stability. Experiments on the LIBERO, lifelong imitation learning benchmark, show that SPREAD substantially improves knowledge transfer, mitigates catastrophic forgetting, and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Comments:
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG); Robotics (cs.RO)
Cite as: arXiv:2603.08763 [cs.LG]
  (or arXiv:2603.08763v1 [cs.LG] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.08763
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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Kaushik Roy [view email]
[v1] Mon, 9 Mar 2026 03:38:42 UTC (1,026 KB)
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