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Predictive Spectral Calibration for Source-Free Test-Time Regression

arXiv cs.CV / 3/11/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper addresses the underexplored area of test-time adaptation (TTA) for image regression, highlighting the challenge of adapting methods used for classification to continuous regression tasks.
  • It introduces Predictive Spectral Calibration (PSC), a novel source-free framework extending subspace alignment to block spectral matching for improved alignment of target features with source predictive support.
  • PSC is model-agnostic, simple to implement, and compatible with standard pretrained regressors, making it practical for various real-world applications.
  • Experimental results demonstrate that PSC consistently outperforms strong baseline methods, especially under severe distribution shifts, enhancing robustness in image regression tasks.
  • This work contributes a new methodology that could impact future research and applications in regression-based test-time adaptation, particularly in fields requiring robust performance under domain change.

Computer Science > Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

arXiv:2603.09338 (cs)
[Submitted on 10 Mar 2026]

Title:Predictive Spectral Calibration for Source-Free Test-Time Regression

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Abstract:Test-time adaptation (TTA) for image regression has received far less attention than its classification counterpart. Methods designed for classification often depend on classification-specific objectives and decision boundaries, making them difficult to transfer directly to continuous regression targets. Recent progress revisits regression TTA through subspace alignment, showing that simple source-guided alignment can be both practical and effective. Building on this line of work, we propose Predictive Spectral Calibration (PSC), a source-free framework that extends subspace alignment to block spectral matching. Instead of relying on a fixed support subspace alone, PSC jointly aligns target features within the source predictive support and calibrates residual spectral slack in the orthogonal complement. PSC remains simple to implement, model-agnostic, and compatible with off-the-shelf pretrained regressors. Experiments on multiple image regression benchmarks show consistent improvements over strong baselines, with particularly clear gains under severe distribution shifts.
Subjects: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Cite as: arXiv:2603.09338 [cs.CV]
  (or arXiv:2603.09338v1 [cs.CV] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.09338
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arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Tuan Kiet Nguyen Viet [view email]
[v1] Tue, 10 Mar 2026 08:15:44 UTC (26 KB)
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