GaLa: Hypergraph-Guided Visual Language Models for Procedural Planning

Abstract

Implicit spatial relations and deep semantic structures encoded in object attributes are crucial for procedural planning in embodied AI systems. However, existing approaches often over rely on the reasoning capabilities of vision language models (VLMs) themselves, while overlooking the rich structured semantic information that can be mined from multimodal inputs. As a result, models struggle to effectively understand functional spatial relationships in complex scenes. To fully exploit implicit spatial relations and deep semantic structures in multimodal data, we propose GaLa, a vision language framework for multimodal procedural planning. GaLa introduces a hypergraph-based representation, where object instances in the image are modeled as nodes, and region-level hyperedges are constructed by aggregating objects according to their attributes and functional semantics. This design explicitly captures implicit semantic relations among objects as well as the hierarchical organization of functional regions. Furthermore, we design a TriView HyperGraph Encoder that enforces semantic consistency across the node view, area view, and node area association view via contrastive learning, enabling hypergraph semantics to be more effectively injected into downstream VLM reasoning. Extensive experiments on the ActPlan1K and ALFRED benchmarks demonstrate that GaLa significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of execution success rate, LCS, and planning correctness.