From Large Language Model Predicates to Logic Tensor Networks: Neurosymbolic Offer Validation in Regulated Procurement

arXiv cs.AI / 4/8/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper proposes a neurosymbolic pipeline for validating procurement offer documents in regulated public institutions by combining language-model extraction with Logic Tensor Networks (LTNs).
  • It aims to produce decisions that are both factually correct and legally verifiable, using auditable outputs tied to predicate values, rule truth values, and supporting text passages.
  • The approach connects domain-specific knowledge (rules/predicates) to the semantic understanding of text from an LLM, enabling modular predicate extraction and rule checking against a real corpus.
  • Experimental results on real procurement documents indicate performance comparable to existing models, with the main differentiator being interpretability and explicit Explainable AI support.

Abstract

We present a neurosymbolic approach, i.e., combining symbolic and subsymbolic artificial intelligence, to validating offer documents in regulated public institutions. We employ a language model to extract information and then aggregate with an LTN (Logic Tensor Network) to make an auditable decision. In regulated public institutions, decisions must be made in a manner that is both factually correct and legally verifiable. Our neurosymbolic approach allows existing domain-specific knowledge to be linked to the semantic text understanding of language models. The decisions resulting from our pipeline can be justified by predicate values, rule truth values, and corresponding text passages, which enables rule checking based on a real corpus of offer documents. Our experiments on a real corpus show that the proposed pipeline achieves performance comparable to existing models, while its key advantage lies in its interpretability, modular predicate extraction, and explicit support for XAI (Explainable AI).