FieryGS: In-the-Wild Fire Synthesis with Physics-Integrated Gaussian Splatting

arXiv cs.CV / 5/4/2026

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Key Points

FieryGS is a new framework for generating photorealistic, physically plausible fire effects in real-world 3D scenes, addressing the lack of physical grounding in existing 3D Gaussian Splatting workflows.
The method integrates three tightly coupled modules into the 3DGS pipeline: multimodal LLM-based physical material reasoning, efficient volumetric combustion simulation, and a unified renderer for both fire and 3DGS.
By unifying scene reconstruction, physical reasoning, simulation, and rendering, FieryGS aims to eliminate manual parameter tuning and labor-intensive workflows while improving scalability to real environments.
The system supports complex combustion phenomena such as flame propagation, smoke dispersion, and surface carbonization, while allowing user control over factors like fire intensity, airflow, and ignition location.
The authors report that experiments on varied indoor and outdoor scenes outperform baseline approaches in visual realism, physical fidelity, and controllability.

Abstract

We consider the problem of synthesizing photorealistic, physically plausible combustion effects in in-the-wild 3D scenes. Traditional CFD and graphics pipelines can produce realistic fire effects but rely on handcrafted geometry, expert-tuned parameters, and labor-intensive workflows, limiting their scalability to the real world. Recent scene modeling advances like 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) enable high-fidelity real-world scene reconstruction, yet lack physical grounding for combustion. To bridge this gap, we propose FieryGS, a physically-based framework that integrates physically-accurate and user-controllable combustion simulation and rendering within the 3DGS pipeline, enabling realistic fire synthesis for real scenes. Our approach tightly couples three key modules: (1) multimodal large-language-model-based physical material reasoning, (2) efficient volumetric combustion simulation, and (3) a unified renderer for fire and 3DGS. By unifying reconstruction, physical reasoning, simulation, and rendering, FieryGS removes manual tuning and automatically generates realistic, controllable fire dynamics consistent with scene geometry and materials. Our framework supports complex combustion phenomena -- including flame propagation, smoke dispersion, and surface carbonization -- with precise user control over fire intensity, airflow, ignition location and other combustion parameters. Evaluated on diverse indoor and outdoor scenes, FieryGS outperforms all comparative baselines in visual realism, physical fidelity, and controllability. Project page can be found at https://pku-vcl-geometry.github.io/FieryGS/.