Multi-Robot Learning-Informed Task Planning Under Uncertainty

arXiv cs.RO / 3/24/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper studies how multi-robot teams can plan and coordinate to complete complex tasks quickly when task-relevant object locations are initially unknown.
  • It highlights the core challenge of long-horizon reasoning under uncertainty, where uncertainty creates many possible outcomes and makes assignment of actions to specific robots difficult.
  • The authors propose a planning abstraction that combines learning-based estimation of uncertain environment aspects with model-based planning for coordinated task execution over long horizons.
  • Experiments show efficient multi-stage task planning for teams of 1–3 robots in large ProcTHOR household environments, outperforming competitive baselines.
  • The approach is also validated in real-world household tests using two LoCoBot mobile robots, demonstrating transfer beyond simulation.

Abstract

We want a multi-robot team to complete complex tasks in minimum time where the locations of task-relevant objects are not known. Effective task completion requires reasoning over long horizons about the likely locations of task-relevant objects, how individual actions contribute to overall progress, and how to coordinate team efforts. Planning in this setting is extremely challenging: even when task-relevant information is partially known, coordinating which robot performs which action and when is difficult, and uncertainty introduces a multiplicity of possible outcomes for each action, which further complicates long-horizon decision-making and coordination. To address this, we propose a multi-robot planning abstraction that integrates learning to estimate uncertain aspects of the environment with model-based planning for long-horizon coordination. We demonstrate the efficient multi-stage task planning of our approach for 1, 2, and 3 robot teams over competitive baselines in large ProcTHOR household environments. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a team of two LoCoBot mobile robots in real household settings.