Robustness Quantification and Uncertainty Quantification: Comparing Two Methods for Assessing the Reliability of Classifier Predictions

arXiv cs.LG / 3/25/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper compares two methods for estimating how reliable a classifier’s individual predictions are: Robustness Quantification (RQ) and Uncertainty Quantification (UQ).
  • It clarifies the conceptual differences between RQ and UQ and evaluates both approaches across multiple benchmark datasets.
  • The results indicate that RQ can outperform UQ in both standard conditions and when data distributions shift.
  • The authors also find that RQ and UQ are complementary, and combining them can yield improved reliability assessments compared with using either method alone.

Abstract

We consider two approaches for assessing the reliability of the individual predictions of a classifier: Robustness Quantification (RQ) and Uncertainty Quantification (UQ). We explain the conceptual differences between the two approaches, compare both approaches on a number of benchmark datasets and show that RQ is capable of outperforming UQ, both in a standard setting and in the presence of distribution shift. Beside showing that RQ can be competitive with UQ, we also demonstrate the complementarity of RQ and UQ by showing that a combination of both approaches can lead to even better reliability assessments.