How We Detect Reaction Spam in Telegram Using Behavioral Scoring

Dev.to / 4/7/2026

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Key Points

  • The article explains that conventional Telegram anti-spam methods relying on text/NLP and link filtering struggle with “reaction spam,” where bots post emojis instead of messages.
  • ModerAI’s solution detects reaction spam by scoring behavioral signals rather than analyzing message content, such as reaction behavior without commenting and evidence of reacting via external entry points.
  • Additional signals include anomalies like obfuscated or patterned text in user bios that may not be triggered by keyword filters.
  • Users exceeding a calculated spam-probability threshold are restricted, enabling detection even when the spammer sends no text at all.
  • The piece concludes by prompting discussion on which non-text behavioral indicators practitioners find most reliable for group-chat anti-spam.

Most Telegram anti-spam bots are built around one assumption: spammers
write messages. So we match text against patterns, run it through NLP,
check for suspicious links. But what happens when the spammer sends no
text at all?

Reaction spam is exactly that. A bot joins your group silently, then
floods every post with 🤡, 18+, and gambling emojis — harming your
channel's reputation without triggering a single keyword filter.

Our approach at ModerAI: instead of analyzing message content, we score
behavioral signals. Things like — does this user react but never comment?
Are they reacting from outside the group via channel post comments? Does
their bio contain obfuscated text patterns? Each signal contributes to a
spam probability score. Cross a threshold — you get restricted.
No text needed.

What behavioral signals have you found most reliable for detecting
non-text spam in group chats?