Unmixing-Guided Spatial-Spectral Mamba with Clustering Tokens for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Abstract

Although hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is critical for supporting various environmental applications, it is a challenging task due to the spectral-mixture effect, the spatial-spectral heterogeneity and the difficulty to preserve class boundaries and details. This letter presents a novel unmixing-guided spatial-spectral Mamba with clustering tokens for improved HSI classification, with the following contributions. First, to disentangle the spectral mixture effect in HSI for improved pattern discovery, we design a novel spectral unmixing network that not only automatically learns endmembers and abundance maps from HSI but also accounts for endmember variabilities. Second, to generate Mamba token sequences, based on the clusters defined by abundance maps, we design an efficient Top-\textit{K} token selection strategy to adaptively sequence the tokens for improved representational capability. Third, to improve spatial-spectral feature learning and detail preservation, based on the Top-\textit{K} token sequences, we design a novel unmixing-guided spatial-spectral Mamba module that greatly improves traditional Mamba models in terms of token learning and sequencing. Fourth, to learn simultaneously the endmember-abundance patterns and classification labels, a multi-task scheme is designed for model supervision, leading to a new unmixing-classification framework that outputs not only accurate classification maps but also a comprehensive spectral-library and abundance maps. Comparative experiments on four HSI datasets demonstrate that our model can greatly outperform the other state-of-the-art approaches. Code is available at https://github.com/GSIL-UCalgary/Unmixing_guided_Mamba.git