A Context Engineering Framework for Improving Enterprise AI Agents based on Digital-Twin MDP

arXiv cs.AI / 3/24/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper proposes DT-MDP-CE, a lightweight, model-agnostic framework to improve LLM-based enterprise AI agents using offline reinforcement learning when real-world data and feedback are limited.
  • It introduces a Digital-Twin Markov Decision Process (DT-MDP) to abstract an agent’s reasoning behavior as a finite MDP, enabling reward learning without requiring direct environment interaction.
  • A robust contrastive inverse RL component uses DT-MDP to estimate a reliable reward function from mixed-quality offline trajectories and then derive policies.
  • The framework adds RL-guided context engineering that leverages the learned policy to refine the agent’s decision-making behavior over time.
  • In an enterprise IT automation case study, experiments show consistent, significant gains over baseline agents across multiple evaluation settings, suggesting the approach may generalize to similar enterprise agents.

Abstract

Despite rapid progress in AI agents for enterprise automation and decision-making, their real-world deployment and further performance gains remain constrained by limited data quality and quantity, complex real-world reasoning demands, difficulties with self-play, and the lack of reliable feedback signals. To address these challenges, we propose a lightweight, model-agnostic framework for improving LLM-based enterprise agents via offline reinforcement learning (RL). The proposed Context Engineering via DT-MDP (DT-MDP-CE) framework comprises three key components: (1) A Digital-Twin Markov Decision Process (DT-MDP), which abstracts the agent's reasoning behavior as a finite MDP; (2) A robust contrastive inverse RL, which, armed with the DT-MDP, to efficiently estimate a well-founded reward function and induces policies from mixed-quality offline trajectories; and (3) RL-guided context engineering, which uses the policy obtained from the integrated process of (1) and (2), to improve the agent's decision-making behavior. As a case study, we apply the framework to a representative task in the enterprise-oriented domain of IT automation. Extensive experimental results demonstrate consistent and significant improvements over baseline agents across a wide range of evaluation settings, suggesting that the framework can generalize to other agents sharing similar characteristics in enterprise environments.