KCLNet: Electrically Equivalence-Oriented Graph Representation Learning for Analog Circuits

arXiv cs.LG / 3/26/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper proposes KCLNet, a DC electrically equivalence-oriented framework for analog circuit representation learning, addressing the continuity gap between analog and discrete digital circuit modeling.
  • KCLNet uses an asynchronous graph neural network with electrically simulated message passing, and enforces Kirchhoff’s Current Law–inspired constraints by making the sum of outgoing and incoming current embeddings equal at each depth.
  • The Kirchhoff-style constraint is designed to preserve an orderly embedding space, which the authors report improves generalization of learned circuit embeddings.
  • Experiments show KCLNet delivers strong performance across downstream tasks including analog circuit classification, subcircuit detection, and circuit edit distance prediction.

Abstract

Digital circuits representation learning has made remarkable progress in the electronic design automation domain, effectively supporting critical tasks such as testability analysis and logic reasoning. However, representation learning for analog circuits remains challenging due to their continuous electrical characteristics compared to the discrete states of digital circuits. This paper presents a direct current (DC) electrically equivalent-oriented analog representation learning framework, named \textbf{KCLNet}. It comprises an asynchronous graph neural network structure with electrically-simulated message passing and a representation learning method inspired by Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). This method maintains the orderliness of the circuit embedding space by enforcing the equality of the sum of outgoing and incoming current embeddings at each depth, which significantly enhances the generalization ability of circuit embeddings. KCLNet offers a novel and effective solution for analog circuit representation learning with electrical constraints preserved. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves significant performance in a variety of downstream tasks, e.g., analog circuit classification, subcircuit detection, and circuit edit distance prediction.