From Recall to Forgetting: Benchmarking Long-Term Memory for Personalized Agents

arXiv cs.CL / 4/23/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper highlights a gap in existing long-term memory benchmarks for personalized agents, which mostly test fact retrieval rather than consolidation and adaptation under changing circumstances.
  • It introduces Memora, a new benchmark designed to evaluate long-term memory over weeks to months, using three memory-grounded tasks: remembering, reasoning, and recommending.
  • To improve reliability, Memora uses automated memory-grounding checks plus human evaluation, and the paper proposes Forgetting-Aware Memory Accuracy (FAMA) to penalize use of obsolete or invalidated memories.
  • Experiments with four LLMs and six memory-augmented agents find frequent reuse of invalid memories and difficulty reconciling memories as they evolve, leading to only marginal gains from memory agents.
  • Overall, the results suggest that current approaches to long-term memory remain insufficient for the requirements of personalized agents operating over long periods with frequent knowledge updates.

Abstract

Personalized agents that interact with users over long periods must maintain persistent memory across sessions and update it as circumstances change. However, existing benchmarks predominantly frame long-term memory evaluation as fact retrieval from past conversations, providing limited insight into agents' ability to consolidate memory over time or handle frequent knowledge updates. We introduce Memora, a long-term memory benchmark spanning weeks to months long user conversations. The benchmark evaluates three memory-grounded tasks: remembering, reasoning, and recommending. To ensure data quality, we employ automated memory-grounding checks and human evaluation. We further introduce Forgetting-Aware Memory Accuracy (FAMA), a metric that penalizes reliance on obsolete or invalidated memory when evaluating long-term memory. Evaluations of four LLMs and six memory agents reveal frequent reuse of invalid memories and failures to reconcile evolving memories. Memory agents offer marginal improvements, exposing shortcomings in long-term memory for personalized agents.