Algebraic Invariants of Lightning Self-Attention

arXiv stat.ML / 4/21/2026

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Key Points

  • The paper analyzes lightning self-attention by interpreting the polynomial coefficients of its outputs as coordinates on an algebraic variety.
  • It derives multiple types of algebraic invariants that constrain the behavior of the model, including both linear and nonlinear families.
  • The authors identify “Chow-type” invariants, suggesting connections to classical algebraic geometry constructs.
  • They also present low-rank, Veronese-type, and Sylvester resultant-based constraints, expanding the toolkit for understanding structure in attention mechanisms.

Abstract

We study the polynomial coefficients of lightning self-attention as coordinates of an algebraic variety. We identify linear and nonlinear families of algebraic invariants, including Chow-type, low-rank, Veronese-type, and Sylvester resultant-based constraints.