GardenDesigner: Encoding Aesthetic Principles into Jiangnan Garden Construction via a Chain of Agents

arXiv cs.CV / 4/3/2026

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Key Points

The paper introduces GardenDesigner, a chain-of-agents procedural modeling framework that encodes aesthetic and cultural principles for constructing Jiangnan (Chinese classical) gardens.
Specialized agents generate water-centric terrain and explorative pathways, while additional agents perform asset selection and spatial layout optimization under aesthetic constraints.
It presents GardenVerse, which incorporates expert-annotated garden knowledge to improve asset arrangement quality.
An interactive Unity-based interface lets non-expert users create Jiangnan gardens using text input in about a minute, enabling editing and experimentation.
Experiments and human evaluations indicate the system can produce diverse and aesthetically pleasing Jiangnan garden results, with a public project page provided.

Abstract

Jiangnan gardens, a prominent style of Chinese classical gardens, hold great potential as digital assets for film and game production and digital tourism. However, manual modeling of Jiangnan gardens heavily relies on expert experience for layout design and asset creation, making the process time-consuming. To address this gap, we propose GardenDesigner, a novel framework that encodes aesthetic principles for Jiangnan garden construction and integrates a chain of agents based on procedural modeling. The water-centric terrain and explorative pathway rules are applied by terrain distribution and road generation agents. Selection and spatial layout of garden assets follow the aesthetic and cultural constraints. Consequently, we propose asset selection and layout optimization agents to select and arrange objects for each area in the garden. Additionally, we introduce GardenVerse for Jiangnan garden construction, including expert-annotated garden knowledge to enhance the asset arrangement process. To enable interaction and editing, we develop an interactive interface and tools in Unity, in which non-expert users can construct Jiangnan gardens via text input within one minute. Experiments and human evaluations demonstrate that GardenDesigner can generate diverse and aesthetically pleasing Jiangnan gardens. Project page is available at https://monad-cube.github.io/GardenDesigner.