Response-Aware Risk-Constrained Control Barrier Function With Application to Vehicles

Abstract

This paper proposes a unified control framework based on Response-Aware Risk-Constrained Control Barrier Function for dynamic safety boundary control of vehicles. Addressing the problem of physical model parameter mismatch, the framework constructs an uncertainty propagation model that fuses nominal dynamics priors with direct vehicle body responses. Utilizing simplified single-track dynamics to provide a baseline direction for control gradients and covering model deviations through statistical analysis of body response signals, the framework eliminates the dependence on accurate online estimation of road surface adhesion coefficients. By introducing Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) theory, the framework reformulates traditional deterministic safety constraints into probabilistic constraints on the tail risk of barrier function derivatives. Combined with a Bayesian online learning mechanism based on inverse Wishart priors, it identifies environmental noise covariance in real-time, adaptively tuning safety margins to reduce performance loss under prior parameter mismatch. Finally, based on Control Lyapunov Function (CLF), a unified Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP) controller is constructed. Theoretical analysis establishes convergence of Sequential Convex Programming to local Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points and provides per-step probabilistic safety bounds. High-fidelity dynamics simulations demonstrate that under extreme conditions, the method not only eliminates the output divergence phenomenon of traditional methods but also achieves Pareto improvement in both safety and tracking performance. For the chosen risk level, the per-step safety violation probability is theoretically bounded by approximately 2%, validated through high-fidelity simulations showing zero boundary violations across all tested scenarios.